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丽娃 于 2001/01/14 03:49:05 发表在 汉英
如何将下段中的古文译成英语呢？请各位帮忙，各抒己见，非常感谢。
“马建忠之前的研究者虽然也知道词有虚实两类，但由于”经传中实字易训，虚词难释“，马氏以前的虚词研究往往只是一个一个地解释虚字，不讲究实字，虚字的解释也并不分门别类地讲或是说明它们在句中组织结构中的作用，因此，《马氏文通》（Ma's Grammar)在词的分类上有开创之功。《文通》共把字（词）分为九类，其中实字五类，即名字（noun)、代字(pronoun)、动字(verb)、静字(adjective)、状字(adverb)；虚字则分为介字、连字、助字、叹字四类。《文通》说：“字凡九类，举凡一切或有解或无解，与夫有形可形、有声可声之字胥矣”。马建忠还首次提出了划分字（词）类的标准，即从字义方面去划分。他说：“字各有义，而一字有不止一义者，古人所谓望文生义者此也。义不同而类亦别焉。故字类者，亦类其义焉耳”，而且还补充说明道：“凡字有数义者，未能拘于一类，必须相其句中所处之位，乃可类焉”。他的这段话为后来但也是后世产生“词无定类”和“词有定类”大分歧的始因。马氏从意义出发，认为“字无定义，故无定类，而欲知其类，当先知上下文之义何如耳”，主张“依义定类”、“随义转类”现代汉语语法对词类的划分提供了理论依据，这种认识为后世的许多学者所继承。
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作者：汉英 - 2001/01/14 09:21:35
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您若有心来此学习交流，请先拟个初稿，大家一起讨论。谢谢谅解！
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如此对待一位佳丽的请求，是否有欠君子风度？
作者：美妞 - 2001/01/14 09:36:49
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呵呵，甭说佳丽，就是夏娃、嫦娥也得一视同仁:-)对不起！
作者：汉英 - 2001/01/14 09:42:20
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嘘－－！说句悄悄话。。。
作者：靓仔 - 2001/01/14 09:56:36
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此坛真女士不少，但取名自有讲究。至少没人会自称“美妞”*-^
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来点打情骂俏是可以的，切勿升级呵。
作者： yy - 2001/01/15 20:23:12
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对啊，丽娃，what's more, you should specify the difficult terms or points.
作者：WQ. - 2001/01/14 14:20:51
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我想古文译英文和现代文译英文并没有什么不同，关键是要把原文意思搞懂了，剩下的就是翻译水平问题了。咱挑一两个试试，侧重于理解，翻译就不敢说了。
经传中实字易训，虚词难释
The notional words in classic scripts are facile to find the correct meanings, but it is not so with the form words.
字凡九类， 举凡一切或有解或无解，与夫有形可形、有声可声之字胥矣
There are in total 9 parts of speech of all words with well defined meanings or not which have definite written and phonetic values (Not sure about the word for 形, and I suppose 胥 is a 语助词 but not sure, I am not good at 古文)
字各有义，而一字有不止一义者，古人所谓望文生义者此也。义不同而类亦别焉。故字类者，亦类其
义焉耳”
Words have their own meanings. And one word may have different meanings, that's why the ancient scholars have said:"It may lead to confusion if a word is taken literally." A word may belong to a different part of speech following a change of meaning. Therefore, To sort a word by the parts of speech is also to sort its meanings.
哇，累！！
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谢谢wq君
作者：丽娃 - 2001/01/14 15:21:15
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谢谢wq君的仁慈和劳动。汉英为何如此厉害？不是要求提供上下文吗？不过，以后一定注意，行了吧？Wish you happy.
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利害吗？不过是让你先拟初稿，指导你如何学习而已。希望严师能够出高徒*_^
作者：靓仔 - 2001/01/14 18:19:47
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谢谢严师
作者：丽娃 - 2001/01/14 18:34:31
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谢谢严师靓仔的严格要求，保证服从命令。丽娃只是我们校园里那条小河的名字。我可不象你，一点不谦虚。
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嘿嘿，靓仔碰巧是我家门口一座石桥的名字*__^
作者：靓仔 - 2001/01/14 18:42:31
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原来是那所学校。可有什么典故由来吗？好别致的名字，我是说对河而言。
作者：WQ. - 2001/01/14 19:31:16
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经查几处出处，“胥”字后都只有一“矣”字。
作者：改名为“丽娃河”，特此公告。。 - 2001/01/14 23:19:21
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“胥”字后有无脱漏？
作者：胥？矣 - 2001/01/14 21:36:14
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经查台湾“教育部国语词典”在线版，
作者：WQ. - 2001/01/14 22:09:02
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胥：
甲。作名词：1。小吏 2。姓
乙。作动词：1。等待 2。视察
丙。作副词：1。相互 2。皆，都
丁。作助词：语末助词，表示语气。
应作丁项解。该句意思是完整的，应无脱漏。唉，俺原来只知道甲项一义，要命。
台湾“教育部国语词典”网址：http://www.edu.tw/clc/dict/
胥字页：http://www.edu.tw/clc/dict/GetContent.cgi?Database=dict&DocNum=102706&GraphicWord=yes&QueryString=璄
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A try
作者：rmx - 2001/01/14 19:43:42
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字各有义，而一字有不止一义 者，古人所谓望文生义者此也。义不同而类亦别焉。故字类者，亦类其义焉耳”
Words have their meanings, but one word is not limited to one meaning. This is referred to as determining the meaning of a word by the context it is in. Words with different meanings should belong to different classes. Therefore, similar words are not necessary in the same class.
凡字有数义者，未能拘于一
类，必须相其句中所处之位，乃可类焉”
For a word with multiple meanings, the word should not belong to just one class. The word can only be classified according to its meaning in the context of the sentence.
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也来试试：The grouping of words into classes
作者：野草 - 2001/01/14 19:54:34
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经传中实字易训，虚词难释 Notional words in classical works are easy to discern in meaning, but not quite so with functional words.
字凡九类，举凡一切或有解或无解，与夫有形可形、有声可声之字胥矣”。
Words are grouped into nine word classes, which should cover all words that are identifiable in form and in sound, no matter whether they are easy to explain in meaning.
“字各有义，而一字有不止一义者，古人所谓望文生义者此也。义不同而类亦别焉。故字类者，亦类其义焉耳”
Each word has its meaning, but a word may have more than one meaning. Hence what our ancient scholars called the risk of getting the meaning of a word wrong when taking it in isolation. When a word has different meanings, it should of course come under different classes. So in fact the grouping of words into classes is also the grouping of meanings.
凡字有数义者，未能拘于一类，必须相其句中所处之位，乃可类焉
When a word is found to have more than one meaning and therefore cannot be confined to one class, the determination of which class it belongs to should be based on its role in the sentence.
字无定义，故无定类，而欲知其类，当先知上下文之义何如耳
Since a word may not have one fixed meaning, it may not be attached to a fixed class. To determine the class it belongs to, it is imperative to know its meaning in context.
“依义定类” word class grouping based on meaning
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Excellent translations!
作者：丽娃 - 2001/01/14 21:39:00
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谢谢诸君的帮助。不愧是高手，都译的非常棒，横竖比我自己译的强多了。丽娃河一定有一个美丽的传说，只可惜校园里似乎没几个人能说出个来龙去脉来。不过大家都觉得它很别致，并为它感到骄傲。这或许是为什么校内既有“丽娃餐厅”、“丽娃舞厅”、又有“丽娃商店”、“丽娃洗衣房”等等的缘故。
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很想知道贵校的名字，可以解密吗？
作者：好奇 - 2001/01/14 22:18:31
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Search "丽娃河" with Google, you will surely get it :-)))
作者：Curioquel - 2001/01/14 22:24:48
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Long time no use this nickname :-)
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华东师范大学
作者：laoliu - 2001/01/16 20:38:28
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punka-busta AKA laoliu
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Or, in the words of Shania Twain:
作者：laoliu - 2001/01/16 20:45:08
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"Okay, so you're a rocket scientist
That don't impress me much"
...not that I give much weight to what she has to say, mind you.
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Yeah,foreign moon is more bright,isn't it?
作者：ddv - 2001/01/18 03:35:07
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Excellent translations!
作者：丽娃 - 2001/01/14 21:39:02
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谢谢诸君的帮助。不愧是高手，都译的非常棒，横竖比我自己译的强多了。丽娃河一定有一个美丽的传说，只可惜校园里似乎没几个人能说出个来龙去脉来。不过大家都觉得它很别致，并为它感到骄傲。这或许是为什么校内既有“丽娃餐厅”、“丽娃舞厅”、又有“丽娃商店”、“丽娃洗衣房”等等的缘故。
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