纪检主任 director for discipline inspection 政教主任 director for political education 治保主任 security chief; director for security and safty 教导主任 educational administrator 外办主任 director for foreign affairs 总务主任 director for general affairs 团委书记 secretary of youth league committee 政教处副主任 deputy director, department of political education 总务处副主任 deputy director, department of general affairs 书记 secretary 教科室主任 director, pedagogic research office 一级教师 first teacher
一等秘书:First Secretary (a Diplomatic title above the rank of Second Secretary) 一级官员:First Officer (a United Nations' title above the rank of Second Officer) 一级法官:First Judge (International Court of Justice)
(2) I began my teaching career as early as 1982, teaching physics in a high school. In 1994, I was awarded First Teacher. By 1996, I was honoured Top Teacher.
照“小弟”的译法, 上文(1)就该用英语说成(2)。 让在华的中国人听(1), 绝对地道、自然、明 白。 可是对英美人说(2), 人家会莫明其妙,感觉 和前者绝对不一样。 为证实这一点, 我找了三个洋English native speaker同事, 看他们的反应。 结 果不出所料:莫明其妙! What is First Teacher? 是他们异口同声问的问题。 可是一改用First-class Teacher, 他们就恍然大悟。
First Secretary / First Judge 存在,不等于First Teacher说得通。前者是职务,有一等秘书,还有二秘 三秘; 有首席法官,还有其他法官。这里说的是 工作职能高低,其实就是级别、等级不同。诚然,这些职务名称的实际份量 (在今日中国叫“含金 量”?)完全取决于具体任职单位,而且一旦离职, 顶冠也随之而去。 即使在中国,情况也一样,共产党省委不也有第一、第二、第三书记么? 这种情况下,英语说成 First/Second/Third Secretary,完全准确。同样,乐团里有首席小提琴手 First Violinist; 饭馆里有头厨 First Chef. 如此等等,不胜枚举,但基本上都可理解为:在相关具体部 门从事某职、或起某项职能的第一、二、三把手。
正因为它们是中国独有的职称,翻译起来就麻烦点。在英美,没有中国式的“评职称”,人们不 会象在中国一样把它和工资津贴挂钩。对教师成就的表彰,一般也就是Awards of Teaching Excellence 之类。所以,说到一级教师之类,英美人要对译文产生接近中国人的理解和反应,须做的基础功 课可多了。作为翻译者,首先应替他们着想,给他们尽可能的方便,使他们的理解不至于与我们 相去太远, 明白我们要强调的不仅是能力成就,而且还不想漏掉等级地位的丰富内涵。为达到此目的,有时 需要多说一点,甚至“要累死”,但却不能仅图省劲而舍了信和达。译作First Teacher,顾了简捷, 做到了 形似,却失去了太多重要信息,所以不可取。设想一下,一个一级教师当上了市党委第一书记, 说成 Mr. Xu, a First Teacher, became First Secretary of the Municipal Communist Party Committee. 恐怕不是上好翻译。 那么,First-class Teacher 是否称得上最佳译法,我不敢说,但至少不至于令 英美人如堕五里雾中。我女儿考琴,得过First-class Honour 很光彩,也得过次一级的 Honour,不见 得不光彩, 人们从不会联想其什么 Second-class Citizen. 可见问题并不在于class词本身,用不着象秃子怕“亮” 一样回避它。
(2) I began my teaching career as early as 1982, teaching physics in a high school. In 1994, I was awarded First Teacher. By 1996, I was honoured Top Teacher.
如果是这样,即使把“一级教师”换成“一级官员”用“awarded First Officer” 大概也会让人莫名奇妙的。本人虽然没有当过教师,但是,我想“First Teacher” 应该和“First Officer”一样是一种职称,而不是荣誉,因此用“promote to the rank” 要比“award”来得准确,明了,Frist Teacher 这个职称就在您的自我介绍中明确了。 顺便问一下,“特级教师”是一种荣誉还是职称?搞清楚这一点,您的后半句是否 合适方可议清。
(2) I began my teaching career in 1982, teaching physics in a high school. In 1994, I was promoted to the rank of First Teacher and, in 1996, Senior Teacher.
三、 您口口声声要分清“译“和”释“,可您的译文中却全仗一大串“ 释”才勉强叫人猜出您的 “译”的奥妙,如何使人信服?您要是不用 I was promoted to the rank of 这样的“释”来垫底儿, 请问First Teacher的效果又会如何?如果说awarded用的不好,改用became总可以吧,避免了您的大 “释”,让人独立探索您那职称的“译”的涵义,才符合您自己所立的原则,不是么?
四、 我并不认为First-class Teacher就是上好译法。也许Teacher of Excellence 更能叫人明白,(如这样 处理,“特级教师”似可说成Teacher of Excellence with Distinction -- 累死了!?) 但评优秀教师又该 如何区别呢?实在难!我希望能见到顶好的、令人折服的翻译法。但我知道,囿于政治、文化、 语言的差异,要求得十全十美的翻译有时简直不可能。同一个东西,可以同时有多种译法,用于 不同的场合,灵活为上。再是行家,也不用一上阵就摆出师爷样子,以为出手就可拿出权威译 法。持这种态度,把路就堵死了,长进就要受阻。
Here I shall borrow what Antony has said of Brutus and pay some tribute to our IMHO star:
His/Her life was so gentle, and the elements So mix'd in him/her, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, "This was a man/lady!" --Shakespeare, Julius Caesar V.v
And this is IMHO! Please stay with us.
You two 潇雨和燕子(Antony and Cleopatra)are too peerless and charming not to charm that IMHOtus/IMHOtusia.