高行健获2000年诺贝尔文学奖
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民办 于 2000/10/12 06:45:28 发表在 汉英
新浪网新闻:“2000年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓。当地时间10月12日13:00(北京时间12日19:00),瑞典文学院宣布,将本年度诺贝尔文学奖授予旅法中国作家高行健。瑞典文学院认为,“其作品的普遍价值,刻骨铭心的洞察力和语言的丰富机智,为中文小说和艺术戏剧开辟了新的道路。”他的小说《灵山》被认为是罕见的文学杰作。此外他还是一位剧作家。他将获得91万5千美元的奖金。”
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He is a French citizen now. Biography by The Swedish Academy inside.
作者:wq - 2000/10/12 06:55:54
***
I wonder if anyone here has some knowledge of him and his works and may provide us with a brief review. I have not the least idea about him.
Biobibliographical notes
Gao Xingjian, born January 4 1940 in Ganzhou (Jiangxi province) in eastern China, is
today a French citizen. Writer of prose, translator, dramatist, director, critic and artist.
Gao Xingjian grew up during the aftermath of the Japanese invasion, his father was a
bank official and his mother an amateur actress who stimulated the young Gao's interest
in the theatre and writing. He received his basic education in the schools of the People's
Republic and took a degree in French in 1962 at the Department of Foreign Languages
in Beijing. During the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) he was sent to a re-education
camp and felt it necessary to burn a suitcase full of manuscripts. Not until 1979 could he
publish his work and travel abroad, to France and Italy. During the period 1980-87 he
published short stories, essays and dramas in literary magazines in China and also four
books: Premier essai sur les techniques du roman moderne /A Preliminary Discussion of
the Art of Modern Fiction (1981) which gave rise to a violent polemic on "modernism",
the narrative A Pigeon Called Red Beak (1985), Collected Plays (1985) and In Search
of a Modern Form of Dramatic Representation (1987). Several of his experimental and
pioneering plays - inspired in part by Brecht, Artaud and Beckett - were produced at
the Theatre of Popular Art in Beijing: his theatrical debut with Signal d'alarme / Signal
Alarm (1982) was a tempestuous success, and the absurd drama which established his
reputation Arr*t de bus / Bus Stop (1983) was condemned during the campaign against
"intellectual pollution" (described by one eminent member of the party as the most
pernicious piece of writing since the foundation of the People's Republic); L'Homme
sauvage /Wild Man (1985) also gave rise to heated domestic polemic and international
attention.
In 1986 L'autre rive / The Other Shore was banned and since then none of his plays
have been performed in China. In order to avoid harassment he undertook a ten-month
walking-tour of the forest and mountain regions of Sichuan Province, tracing the course
of the Yangzi river from its source to the coast. In 1987 he left China and settled down
a year later in Paris as a political refugee. After the massacre on the Square of Heavenly
Peace in 1989 he left the Chinese Communist Party. After publication of La fuite /
Fugitives, which takes place against the background of this massacre, he was declared
persona non grata by the regime and his works were banned. In the summer of 1982,
Gao Xingjian had already started working on his prodigious novel La Montagne de
l'*me / Soul Mountain in which - by means of an odyssey in time and space through the
Chinese countryside - he enacts an individual's search for roots, inner peace and liberty.
This is supplemented by the more autobiographical Le Livre d'un homme seul / One
Man's Bible. A number of his works have been translated into various languages, and
today several of his plays are being produced in various parts of the world. In Sweden
he has been translated and introduced by G*ran Malmqvist, and two of his plays
(Summer Rain in Peking, Fugitives) have been performed at the Royal Dramatic Theatre
in Stockholm.
Gao Xingjian paints in ink and has had some thirty international exhibitions and provides
the cover illustrations for his own books. Awards: Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des
Lettres 1992; Prix Communaut* fran*aise de Belgique 1994 (for Le somnambule), Prix
du Nouvel An chinois 1997 (for Soul Mountain).
A selection of works by Gao Xingjian in English:
Wild Man : A Contemporary Chinese Spoken Drama / transl. and annotated by Bruno
Roubicek // Asian Theatre Journal. Vol. 7, Nr 2. Fall 1990.
Fugitives / transl. by Gregory B. Lee // Lee, Gregory B., Chinese Writing and Exile. -
Central Chinese Studies of the Universtity of Chicago, 1993.
The Other Shore : Plays by Gao Xingjian / transl. by Gilbert C.F. Fong. - Hong Kong:
The Chinese University Press, 1999.
Soul Mountain / transl. by Mabel Lee. - HarperCollins, 1999.
One Man's Bible. - [In transl. by Mabel Lee.]
Contemporary Technique and National Character in Fiction / transl. by Ng Mau-sang.
- [Extract from A Preliminary Discussion of the Art of Modern Fiction, 1981]
The Voice of the Individual // Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies 6, 1995.
Without isms / transl. by W. Lau, D. Sauviat & M. Williams // Journal of the Oriental
Society of Australia. Vols 27 & 28, 1995-96.
Literature:
Trees on the Mountain : an Anthology of New Chinese Writing / ed. by Stephen C.
Soong and John Minford. - Hong Kong: The Chinese U.P., cop. 1984.
Gao Xingjian, le moderniste // La Chine aujourd'hui No 41, septembre 1986.
Basting, Monica, Yeren : Tradition und Avantgarde in Gao Xingjians Theaterst*ck "Die
Wilden". - Bochum : Brockmeyer, 1988.
Lod*n, Torbj*rn, World Literature with Chinese Characteristics : On a Novel by Gao
Xingjian // Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies 4, 1993.
Lee, Gregory B., Chinese Writing and Exile. - Central Chinese Studies of the
Universtity of Chicago, 1993.
Lee, Mabel, Without Politics: Gao Xingjian on Literary Creation // Stockholm Journal of
East Asian Studies 6, 1995.
Lee, Mabel, Pronouns as Protagonists : Gao Xingjian's Lingshan as Autobiography //
Colloquium of the Sydney Society of Literature and Aesthetics at the Univ. of Sydney.
Draft paper the 3-4 Oct. 1996.
Lee, Mabel, Personal Freedom in Twentieth-Century China: Reclaiming the Self in
Yang Lian's Yi and Gao Xingjian's Lingshan // History, Literature and Society. -
Sydney: Sydney Studies in Society and Culture 15, 1996.
Au plus pr*s du r*el : dialogues sur l'*criture 1994-1997, entretiens avec Denis
Bourgeois / trad. par No*l et Liliane Dutrait. - La Tour d'Aigues: l'Aube, 1997.
Lee, Mabel, Gao Xingjian's Lingshan / Soul Mountain : Modernism and the Chinese
Writer // Heat 4, 1997.
Calvet, Robert, Gao Xingjian, le peintre de l'*me // Br*ves No 56, hiver 1999.
Zhao, Henry Y.H., Towards a Modern Zen Theatre :Gao Xingian and Chinese Theatre
Experimentalism. - London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 2000.
The Swedish Academy
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My half cent information for your reference
作者:XY - 2000/10/12 10:11:11
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I used to be a quite regular theater goer when I was in Beijing. I vaguely remember once I saw a play by Gao xingjian, a kind of experimental play, the name is "Bus stop". During the course of the performance, the actors got mingled up with the audience. It was in early 80s, the slogan was " knowledge is the power". The play captured the prevailing anxiety among the "lost generation", people in their late 20s or early 30s who had been deprived of education during the cultural revolution. They found themselves in a disadvantaged position facing an emerging new era characterized by science and technology. They had missed the right bus, and were trying to catch the last bus which never showed up. I forgot the whole plot and the ending. But I remember the anxiety, the helplessness and disappointment of the people waiting at the bus stop. The performance was a great success.
Yet, I can not very well trust my unreliable memory. I stand to be corrected.
BTW glad to see you again, been away on vacation or hometown trip? Missed you, take care.
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好文共赏:去你的吧,诺贝尔之于高行健
作者:作者:钟鲲 - 2000/10/14 10:26:25
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去你的吧,诺贝尔之于高行健
钟鲲(10月14日)
2000年10月12日深夜11点,我正要睡觉,突然接到一个电话,告诉我中国人得了诺贝尔文学奖,我先是兴奋,然后高兴,等对方告诉我得奖的是高行健,我几乎难以置信地尖叫了起来:“天哪!没搞错吧?!”
我的天,怎么得奖的会是他?不是一直都在嚷嚷王蒙北岛吗,怎么不是我不明白,这世界变化快,诺贝尔一变就成这样儿了?也太离谱了吧!
如果我没有记错的话,高行健在八十年代初期是一个剧作家,代表作有两个剧本,一个是《绝对信号》,一个是《车站》。前者是一个七十年代末八十年代初中国标准的现实主义好剧本,讲的是一列火车上一次正义与邪恶的内心道德博击的故事,最后男主人公黑子--一个想进行犯罪活动的无业游民如何在老车长的感化下改邪归了正。说到底,还是一个道德说教的剧本。我看这个剧本的时候,感觉像在看《霓虹灯下的哨兵》,或者再拔高一点说像《龙须沟》什么的,但比《龙须沟》都还有相当大的距离。但在当时的中国来说,这还是一个政治体制内的好剧本,是写实的作品,但是已经模仿西方加进去了很多类似于小说的内心独白式的片断。演出的时候是在小剧场,是建国后较早的小剧场演出之一。简单地说,这是一个普通意义上的不错的剧本,符合当时的改革形势,但要从世界级的水平上来说就差得不是一点半点了,充其量只能算是一个习作,换句话说,根本排不上档次。
另一个剧本是《车站》,也是高行健早期标志性的代表作。要说到这个剧本那话就多了,这个剧本头上有很多高帽子,被冠以什么中国新时期戏剧的先锋性探索作品,用现在的话来说,就是很前卫,很另类,是当时被中国人视为先锋和探索的“纯文学”作品。但是真正研究过戏剧的人都知道,那简直就是一个笑话。也许是中国的戏剧也好文学也好一直都太贫乏了,所以刚出来一个稍微像点儿样儿的东西就立刻被评论家们捧了上去,不管三七二十一先扣上无数顶高帽子,归纳成一个定义。实际上,就像当年《雷雨》有很多模仿易卜生《群鬼》的痕迹,《车站》是一个非常明显的彻底的贝克特的模仿本。
不同的是,《雷雨》只是用了《群鬼》的一个故事框架,整体还是完全由作者重新构思创作出来的,而《车站》则是一个彻头彻尾的低劣的模仿,而且模仿得相当可笑,甚至差点就可以说是抄袭了。但是抄袭他都还谈不上,因为他模仿得实在太可笑,连模仿都没学会。
整个剧本讲的就是一群人在公共汽车站等车,他们等啊等,公共汽车就是不来,不知道出了什么毛病,他们就继续等啊等啊,公共汽车还是不来,他们就继续等待,知道他们胡子等白了,头发也等白了,整个戏就是这样。真不知道高行健到底有没有读懂《等待戈多》,《等待戈多》里的两个人等待的是一辆公共汽车吗?简直可笑。说得不客气一点,高行健是一个彻底的伪现代派。当然,我们必须承认,高行健还是有点眼光的,他还知道模仿贝克特。那时候是八十年代初,国内还很少有人知道贝克特,他看得比较早,所以就比较敢写。《车站》是《等待戈多》一个彻头彻尾的中国模仿版,但可笑的是它只学到了皮毛,二者根本不在一个精神层面上。高行健知其然不知其所以然,贝克特的思想岂可模仿?这正是“意态由来画不成,当时枉杀高行健”。如果可以用分级来表示的话,贝克特如果是一级,那高行健就只能是三级。当然,从高行健一向的创作水准来说,在中国他一直就是一个三流的作家,在剧作上也许在八十年代的中国还可以算是二流,但也仅此而已。
总的来讲,高行健是一个介乎于二流和三流之间的作家,我们可以称之为二流半。
后来高行健又写了几个剧本,《彼岸》什么的,但都没有什么太大的反响。模仿性的创作只能成就一个艺人,而无法成就一位大师。八十年代末他出了国,从此一直在国外工作生活,现剧法国。这以后他在国外写了些什么东西我不知道,也无从知道,据说是在法国成天闭门造车,写了一些《一个人的圣经》之类的小说,据看过的人说比国内的小说差得远,档次极低,但是因为他是在法国,又打了一些政治招牌为自己游说,所以国外知道他的人还挺多。上个星期我和一位德国汉学家聊天,正好那天还谈到了高行健,他告诉我,高行健在欧洲还挺有知名度的,但主要还是因为一些政治原因。不管什么原因吧,就从这些他代表性的作品来说,他居然都得了诺贝尔奖,那咱们有二三十号人都能得这个奖了!所以我不仅是惊讶,或者瞠目结舌,简直都可以用出离愤怒来形容,于是我哈哈大笑:这真是这个世界上最荒诞和搞笑的事情了!
一个平庸、媚俗且毫无创造力的剧作家,居然“为中文小说和艺术戏剧开辟了新的道路”(瑞典皇家学院获奖辞),且被授予世界级的最高文学大奖,这简直是天大的笑话,差点让我笑得背过气去。不知道那帮汉学评委们是真不懂还是假不懂。说他平庸,是因为他的作品在中国文学乃至文学上都不可能称其为一部优秀或者杰出的作品(也许这几年他在法国又写出了什么能让我刮目相看的巨著,那我可不知道)。说他媚俗,是因为文如其人,做文章最怕的就是赶时髦,西方流行什么咱写什么,人家荒诞派了,咱也来荒诞荒诞,人家意识流了,那咱也来一段意识流,而且这样的写作和容纳百川博采众家之长的写作还不一样。鲁迅讲拿来主义,那也是指拿来为我所用,借他山之石改玉,也不是照搬照抄甚至完全模仿。什么叫“创作”,就是你要“创”作,要有你自己的创造,这是一个作家最基本的素质。是创作而不是照猫画虎,什么流行写什么,什么时髦学什么一些为人为文,高行健从来就不是一个纯粹的人,如果一个作家这么干,那只能说明他是一个毫无创造力的工匠。
文章媚俗倒也罢了,高行健其人又怎么样?所谓文如其人,九十年代高行健在台湾开了一次水墨画展,结果把人家台湾人看得这个震惊:“这也是水墨画?”哄不住台湾人,他就在法国哄那些外国人。据说高行健当年曾在剧协请了许多外国人,给他们放他的话剧录像,人外国人看得直打呵欠,高行健急得满头大汗,还一个劲儿地跟人解释剧情,从头解说到尾。后来到了法国也是一样,他的戏在法国公演的时候,很多外国人都看不下去中途退场。
一个剧作家需要这样向西方展示和介绍自己的作品,无论怎么说也挺值得人同情。
但是现在我们不需要同情他了。人家的谄媚和殷勤已经得到了最高奖赏:
诺贝尔文学奖。不管怎么说,这也算人家(世界也好,西方也罢)接受了我们中国人。至于这个中国人是否代表我们的中国文化,这就未必了。倘若泱泱几千年中国文化,就生出来一个高行健,恐怕不止让活人笑掉大牙,祖宗在棺材里都会笑得醒过来。高行健能代表中国文化?谁敢说高行健能代表中国文化?!
北岛没有获奖,王蒙没有获奖,李敖没有获奖,获奖的是高行健,这其实已经说明了一些问题。真正代表中国深层次的传统文化、并由此生发出来的真正有深度和思想、并完成了其自身个人风格的中国作家榜上无名,而让一个附庸于西方思潮、没有任何艺术天份、缺乏最起码的创造力和思想的政治文化的投机者捧走了大奖,这也许只能让我们明白,或者说更加地清醒:
想拿诺贝尔奖吗?想获得西方或者世界英语体系的认可吗?
Forget yourself,join us.
当然,一直有人在这样做,只是现在其中的一个终于得到了他们的奖赏。
这是一个急功近利,从一开始就很明显地刻意模仿西方现代派拾人牙慧的作家。当然我们也可以说,是他完成了中西方文化的一次融合,是他用中国汉字写出了西方文化涉猎的领域,是他表达了某些西方文化希望他用汉字表达的东西,这就好比我们用自己的双手和泥土在故宫建造了一尊八国联军像。也许这是一种文化体系后殖民统治和渗透的表现。在本质上,这实际无异于用母语强奸自己的母语,用中国文字强奸中国文化,用抛弃东方文明的态度对西方文明顶礼膜拜,而这种文化汉奸和精神走狗却以谄媚的嘴脸向世界宣告说:你们好!我来自中国!
要真是没有一个中国人得奖,那倒也罢了,因为我们没有发言权。现在,高行健得了诺贝尔,这就彻底粉碎了国民对于诺贝尔文学的无端崇拜,所以,这次得奖也许也是一件好事,至少它更可以让我们明白现在的诺贝尔文学奖是什么。马克思在《共产党宣言》里说,当那些高呼着共产主义口号的伪共产主义分子在慷慨发言后转身离去的时候,一不小心露出了他们屁股上的封建烙印,围观的群众于是哄堂大笑,继而各自离去。
诺贝尔之于高行健,终于让我们对诺贝尔文学奖有了一个彻底清醒的认识。现在,或者在不久的将来,全中国乃至全世界的人们都会哄堂大笑地离去。
2000.10.13.凌晨1:30.于北京
【补充】
诺贝尔文学奖已经越来越失去了它的权威性。早在大半个世纪以前,诺贝尔曾多次错发文学奖,其中包括易卜生这样的真正的戏剧大师、博尔赫斯这样的真正的小说大师,都居然没获得诺贝尔。1997年当达里奥*福获奖的时候,整个意大利都惊讶得无以形容;而大江健三郎1994年在日本获奖的时候,整个日本也都非常奇怪:怎么诺贝尔文学奖会颁给一个在日本文学界只是二、三流的作家?
这种惊讶现在终于轮到中国了。别的咱没有发言权,可要说到中国的这帮作家,那谁咱还不知道谁的底细?用舒乙的话来说,这是一个天大的笑话,只能说明诺贝尔评委会对中国文学的不了解。但这样一来,也终于让我们得以证实:诺贝尔文学奖是一个多么滑稽的奖项。一帮根本不了解中国的对东方文化一知半解的汉学家,有的在中国呆过几年,有的在中国的大学做过几年研究和学习,回到西方就成了汉学家。不要说他们,恐怕就连谢冕季羡林都很难说自己是通晓中国几千年文化的汉学专家,更何况于他们?再戴上政治的有色眼镜,听着从大陆颠颠儿地跑去的学者和台湾带有强烈偏见的学者们唯唯诺诺的马屁评论,这些对东方一无所知的评委们就这样在斯德哥尔摩的某个角落评出了高行健。
我的导师几年前在曾与诺贝尔评委会唯一懂得汉语的马悦然会面,当谈到北岛他们的诗的时候,马先生夸赞的方式居然是:他们的诗歌写得很像加拿大XX诗人的诗作,其中的意象有些相似,写得很好。我听导师言及,差点晕倒。如果他们都是这样的评判标准,那把诺贝尔颁给高行健也就不足为奇了。--还不明白吗?
世界文学曾以诺贝尔为荣,到了今天,再这样下去,用不了多久,世界文学将以诺贝尔为耻。
原载〖北美自由论坛〗http://www.nacb.com/bbs/freetalk/messages/85959.html
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行人难见春满园,红杏一枝尽风骚。Not totally unexpected!
作者:he zi - 2000/10/14 13:40:46
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用在这里很贴切!确实时常会有这种情况。
作者:xy - 2000/10/14 23:49:59
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高行健的作品没有拜读,不敢妄言。但这位钟鲲大师的东东我是无福气消受了。酸!酸!酸!
作者:渔夫 - 2000/10/14 21:31:58
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钟文的前半部分令我大开眼界;至于后半部分的bitter insight,我想在这种情况下圈内人通常会比不了解内情的圈外人反映强烈。
作者:xy - 2000/10/15 00:01:13
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您这个bitter insight用得妙极!
作者:古月 - 2000/10/15 00:59:04
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诺贝尔文学奖的公报称赞老高时也用了“bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity”等措词。就这两项来看,小钟和老高好象在伯仲之间似的。难怪小钟会如此激昂,让他不酸也难:-)不过能酸出来也是一种勇气啊!人老高要不是靠这点勇气,哪至于脱颖而出啊?!
有关评奖的是是非非咱不敢妄加评论,老高的作品咱也一无所知。倒是这小钟潇洒的文笔、如虹的气势、不怕让人骂酸葡萄的勇气,多少还有可圈可点之处。听口气似乎年轻气盛。后生可畏!
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To be exact, 是抄的极妙!
作者:xy - 2000/10/15 13:29:43
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我觉得渔夫君不是说钟先生的这篇文章"酸",而是"无福消受"的钟先生其他东东酸.渔夫君暂时客串狐狸,钟君的其他东东便成了酸葡萄.
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哈哈,这才恍然大悟!多怨咱闭目塞听。用“钟鲲”这俩关键字在网上搜索一下,这才发现...
作者:古月 - 2000/10/15 13:47:19
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钟小姐还是个小有名气的年轻才女。不过上面转贴的文章还真看不出作者是位女性。按下面的链结可以读到她的“酸葡萄”:-) 谢启发!
链接:榕树下
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高论!鄙人以为在武大郎开店的今天,不会有什么高人出现的了。殊不知,前不久蹦出一个Rain指责老刘“伪造句子”,如今又跳出一个钟鲲指责高行健“从来就不是一个纯粹的人”。真是一山还有一山高,强中自有强中手。鄙人甘拜下风,即致最高敬礼!小小小隐士向歌功颂德衮衮诸公稽首!!!
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/15 02:08:16
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Meunique
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Cornered by my boss... :-(
作者:wq - 2000/10/12 12:34:46
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Thank you very much for your information and your care, auntie Xin! Best regards to you and all! Well, I have been busy in writing some papers and cannot afford much time here but I still log in all days to read. The situation will continue for some time. Nevertheless, I did post a few in a "mystical" nickname, even to a "piercing eye" (Huo3 Yan3 Jin1 Jing1)! :-) "lsne-ch" will certainly be less so if "ch" stands for "confoederatio helvetica" :-)
For this Nobel Prize, I think anything has its reason for being. We cannot expect the assembly of laureates in Literature to be a full and precise picture of the world literature, less to say that of Chinese literature. If Gao has really something in him, well, then he may deserve such a Prize. And it seems he does. It is another question if he deserves a pivotal standing in Chinese literature. I agree with MinBan that translation, together with many other factors, contributes to a particular choice. Well, murmurs and noises over this story are already in circulation over the net, but let's say: "Don't worry, be happy!" :-) Don't worry if it is a right choice or what consequence his win will have; be happy for: 1) Chinese language literature becomes part of Nobel Prize resevoir, 2) If you prefer, you can still choose to appreciate JY or RED even these guys never won one.
Excuse me for my bad EST-style English. ( I mean,English for Science and Technology) :-(
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再次验证了萨特(Jean-Paul Sartre)1964年的至理名言:“诺贝尔文学奖客观上成了一种保留给西方作家和东方叛逆的荣誉。”
作者:西蒙娜 - 2000/10/12 19:35:39
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Source: 柳鸣九编选的《萨特研究》第422页。中国社会科学出版社,1981年10月第一版。
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没有找到原文. 另: 如果他确实说了, 萨特语境下的"东方"原意应指东欧或苏联.
作者:wq - 2000/10/13 06:48:55
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萨特1964年被授予诺贝尔文学奖但他拒绝了. 网上没有找到 萨特说的 "诺贝尔文学奖客观上成了一种保留给西方作家和东方叛逆的荣誉" 这句话的出处, 没有人引用, 除了一个网页说:"He refused it for two reasons. The first being that it was as a protest to it being awarded only to Western writers, and Soviet dissidents. Second, he was fearful that he might be turned into the institution." 其他只提及主要的是后一个理由.
membres.tripod.fr/julbulus/sartre.htm 详细介绍了这一经过, 为了给萨特的"至理名言"提供上下文背景, 粗粗翻译如下, 原文是法文的, 请参见原网页:
在诺贝尔文学奖正式宣布前不久, 就有传言说萨特将要获奖. 萨特仿佛中了圈套, 如何拒绝一个还没有授予他的奖又不显得粗鲁狂妄? 他于1964年10月14日写信给诺贝尔学院的秘书. 内容如下:
"秘书先生:
据我所得到的一些消息, 今年我可能机会获诺贝尔奖. 自然, 假定一个尚未发生的投票结果不免狂妄, 但此时我还是给您去信以消除或避免误会为好. 秘书先生, 首先, 请相信我对于瑞典科学院和已授予诸多作家的诺贝尔文学奖极为尊敬. 然而, 因为一些个人原因和一些更为客观的原因, 我不希望我的名字列于候选人名单, 我不能, 也不愿接受这一荣誉, 无论是今年, 还是以后.
秘书先生, 请接受我的道歉和相信我的诚意."
此信没有公开. 实际上投票已经结束, 10月22日, 学院一位成员正式宣布:"本年度诺贝尔文学奖授予法国作家让-保尔 萨特, 以表彰他体现着自由精神和对真理的探索的作品对当今时代产生的巨大影响."
萨特又写了一封信给诺贝尔学院, 解释为何他拒绝这一奖项. 下面为该信节选:
"...我极为遗憾此事带上了闹剧的色彩: 所授奖项被人拒绝.
...我陈述了两类理由: 个人理由和客观理由.
个人理由如下: 我的拒绝并非意气用事. 我从来都不接受官方荣誉. 二战后的1945年, 有人提议授予我 "legion d'honneur", 虽然政府里有我的朋友, 我拒绝了. 同样, 我从来就不想加入法兰西学院, 虽然一些朋友这样建议. ... 我签名是让-保尔 萨特, 还是让-保尔 萨特--诺贝尔奖, 大不一样. 作家应当拒绝被转化为体制的一部分, 即便体制以如本奖那样最高贵的形式出现. (因其重要性, 此句前半句有必要引英译文于此, 以免我所译可能引起误解: A writee should refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution.)...
客观理由如下: 在文化战线上, 现时唯一可能的战斗, 必是为了东西方两种文化的和平共处. 我不是说我们要相互拥抱; 我确知这两种文化相互遭遇必以冲突的形式体现, 但这种冲突应当是两类人, 两种文化件的冲突, 而不应当有体制(institution)的介入. ...毋需否认, 我是同情社会主义和所谓的东方的一团的 (bloc de l'est, bloc of the east, 指东欧阵营?), 但我却生养在一个布尔乔亚家庭.... 我是希望 "最好的能赢", 我指的是社会主义.
这就是我不能接受任何高级别的文化机构所颁发的荣誉的原因, 东西方的都一样, 尽管我能感到这些机构的存在. 虽然我是同情社会主义一边的, 但我也同样不能接受, 比如说, 列宁奖, 如果有人想给我的话, 现在并没有这个情况. ... 如果是在阿尔及利亚战争期间为我们联名签署的"121人宣言"而颁此奖, 我会心存感谢地接受, 因为那样就不只是对我, 也是对我们为之二斗争的自由的表彰. 然而当时却没有如此, 如今给我授奖, 战争早已结束了."
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看来是与东西阵营的说法有关, 但萨特"西方作家和东方叛逆"的原话好象不出字这儿的信. 不知道他是否在其他场合说过还是别人加工了的. 柳先生的《萨特研究》应该有什么出处或说法吧.
注: 欢迎考证萨特引言的出处或讨论批评我的中译, 但请意识形态或政论方面的专家不要参加, 这不是本贴的目的. 多谢
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好消息!好消息!几经翰旋和磋商,瑞典当局决定今年增设“文化掮客大奖”,得主自然是……吾皇万岁万岁万万岁!!!
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/13 08:21:20
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意外 不领奖金事出有因(《新民晚报》
一九三八年的化学奖和一九三九年的医学奖授予德国科学家,但纳粹政府禁止他们出国领奖,直到二战结束后,他们才亲赴斯德哥尔摩如愿以偿。
一九五八年文学奖得主前苏联作家帕斯捷尔纳克迫于政府压力,放弃领奖。
一九六二年物理奖得主朗道因车祸不能前往,委员会派人到医院向他授奖。
一九六四年瑞典文学院决定授奖给法国哲学家、作家萨特时,被他本人拒绝。萨特说:“我知道诺贝尔奖金本身并不是西方集团的奖金,但现在人为地成了这样一种奖金,客观上成为一种保留给西方作家和东方叛逆的荣誉。”
搜索引擎:163.com
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Meunique
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And search results for "高行健"
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/13 08:30:54
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链接:Go visit!
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Meunique
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Man, you don't say! This guy is more crazy than I am...
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/13 10:09:57
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《读书》? But still have no clue about where to find its correspondent viewer!
If you'd like to download the whole lot of articles as easily as a click, just go dowloand this nifty one first.
By the way, is Her Majesty ready to take my Richwin Viewer?
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Meunique
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Great! Thanks for the link
作者:wq - 2000/10/13 12:48:43
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I still don't know why my email is crippled. But Cstar and IE integrated fonts are sufficient for me for the moment, please take it easy. I will come up to you when I need.Thank you.
Wow! Thank you for the links! With Netscape and Cstar, the files are opened and can be viewed directly in the browser window in seconds, just great! I don't have much time now, therefore I just had a glance over the list file, so many familiar titles! But when I tried to view with IE 5.5, I failed. IE seems to associate *.gz files with unzip programme but the decompressed ones lost the readable format. Don't know what system you use.
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I've downloaded them all, using Netants for sure; only not allowed to view it directly on the Net.
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/13 13:05:28
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So just download them first. They're great. It seems that the guy copied every issue of the magazine and created an e-format for each. Can't believe it!
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Meunique
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You can use Winzip to uncompress them, then
作者:Datou - 2000/10/13 22:10:21
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use a word processor, such as MS Word, to open the uncompressed files.
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Thanks! Alrady done!
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/14 01:58:30
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Meunique
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Now that the Soviet block has unraveled, the frontiers of the "East" have receded futher Eastern. And Sartre's prophecy remains valid.
作者:Simonna - 2000/10/13 11:22:43
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Sorry but I can't input Chinese right now.
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你也看过
作者:XY - 2000/10/13 11:57:39
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柳先生的那本书?我以为那是我们这一辈人才看到的。那是80年代初。后来没再看到这本书。我自己的那本也丢了。柳的文笔给我印象特别深,完全不同于当时普遍的没有任何个性、充满套话的文章。讲萨特讲的深入浅出,害得我以为自己能看懂萨特了呢,赶紧去买了“存在与虚无”,厚厚的一本,才5 元钱。结果发现自己根本看不懂。我对萨特的全部了解就来自柳鸣九的那本书。这人应该是社科院的吧?
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Indeed no. I just referred to Simmona's quote
作者:wq - 2000/10/13 13:35:50
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I was doing sophiscated calculations to solve problems like “打开进水龙头三小时灌满水池,出水龙头五小时排完,问俩龙头一起开, 几小时能把水池灌满?” while you were reading 《萨特研究》:-) In fact I am never good at philosophy and read very little. And in mid and late 80's, the mode seemed to be favorable for 尼采,叔本华, or Freud. I read a little but understood and appreciated even less. Nice weekend to you.
To Simmona: I have doubts about this qoute because it is not consistent with the rest of his reasons Sartre put in his letter.Actually he didn't accuse the Prize. And nobody except one mentions this important view of him in numorous accounts of his refusal, it is unreasonable. So I think it remains doubtful until a relaible source of this quote is identified.
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对不起,请恕孤陋寡闻。“其作品的普遍价值、刻骨铭心的洞察力和语言的丰富机智,为中文小说艺术和戏剧开辟了新的道路。”这段文字到底是翻译出来的,还是瑞典文学院的官方中文说明?因为我在《新语丝》里看到这样一篇文章:
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/13 13:47:30
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二○○○年的诺贝尔文学奖授予中文作家高行健,以表
彰“其作品的普遍价值、刻骨铭心的洞察力和语言的丰富机
智,为中文小说艺术和戏剧开辟了新的道路。”
简单地说,这段话是每句皆错,每词都怪哉。
第一句,念了三遍,楞没有念下去。“授予”在中文里
是以人为主动语态,这句话或者加上主语成为:“我们决定
将二○○○年的诺贝尔文学奖授予中文作家高行健”,或者
使用被动语气:“二○○○年的诺贝尔文学奖被授予中文作
家高行健”。
第二句,什么是普遍价值?恐怕没有人能回答的上,普
遍在中文中有为广大大众承认之意,这与高行健的作品走前
锋与实验的性质不符,也与高行健作品曲高和寡的状态不符
合。
第三词,“刻骨铭心的洞察力”,又是一个新词用法。
刻骨铭心通常用于形容感情,说明感情在人身上留下的痕迹
不可磨去。如果要形容高行健深刻的洞察力,就直接用“
深刻的洞察力”或者“入木三分的洞察力”等等都可。象这
种乱用成语现象,实在是对中文的污染。
第四词,“语言的丰富机智”,这词问题稍小,不过还
是用“充满机智的语言”通顺得多。
最后一句,小说艺术和戏剧这两词是不同范畴的概念,
无法并列的。直接用“中文的小说和戏剧”就通顺合理了。
链接:诺贝尔评委中文不及格
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Meunique
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It is the official version, see link inside.
作者:wq - 2000/10/13 14:23:55
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Don't who translate it, some Chinese undergraduates studying at Stockholm University? :-)
Link:
The 2000 Prize Announcements
http://www.nobel.se/announcement/2000/
Nobel Prize for Literature
http://www.nobel.se/announcement/2000/literature.html
Chinese Version
Simplified: http://www.nobel.se/announcement/2000/literat_chs00.html
Traditional: http://www.nobel.se/announcement/2000/literat_cht00.html
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Thanks wq for the links. I happened to read another version of the quote
作者:tian xin - 2000/10/15 19:15:47
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(高行健)把普遍的文学价值、
痛苦的内心探索和丰富的语言表现力结合起来,为中国文学和戏剧创作开辟了新的道路。
Source: http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/literature/essays/Gao-Xingjian/gaoxingjian2.txt
From a literary critic's point of view, this are the very qualities that make a good writer worthy of any prize. Does anyone here know Swedish? It could well be that the exact meaning of the original got twisted somewhere in the English version and certainly more so in the official Chinese one.
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Thanks, professor! 刚明白过来...
作者:he zi - 2000/10/15 01:00:16
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这条帖线下又是转贴又是link,very informative,就是都看不过来了。刚明白过您的意思来, 原来被我们在这儿“修理”了一通的是评委会自己的说明!评出中文作品的机构发表这样的中文正式说明,实在很有些讽刺!
诺贝尔文学奖简直象中国足球一样成了很多中国人的一种“情结”,
好象有人呼唤过“平常心”,但谈何容易!这回的结果出来倒可能大大有助于促成人们对这个奖项的“平常心”。挺好!
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64年,虽中苏已结怨,但在西方看来,还是“窝里斗”。萨特这样有社会主义思想的人,大概还是指整个社会主义阵营14国。
作者:学而 - 2000/10/16 17:18:42
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又:institution 不如译成“工具”之类。Institution: 具有某种功能的社会事物。
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Personally I think it's a very wise saying.
作者:hz - 2000/10/13 19:39:19
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是不是象科学定理似的严格准确另说。我想如果是沈从文或王蒙这样的作家得奖,许许多多中国读者对这个奖项本身及评奖结果的感觉可能都会很不一样的吧。
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需要强调的是,其中有翻译者的功劳。
作者:民办 - 2000/10/12 10:03:08
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当然,高自己也是法语专业毕业。这对得到欧美人的了解非常重要。
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“刻骨铭心”的洞察力?
作者:xxx - 2000/10/12 14:24:36
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Original text of The Swedish Academy
作者:征译 - 2000/10/12 16:12:22
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"for an Suvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama."
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"for an oeuvre of universal validity ...". The combination of letters o and e is not displayed correctly.
作者:z.y - 2000/10/12 16:19:33
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两分:“其作品的普遍意义、苦涩的洞见和机智独特的语言”
作者:he zi - 2000/10/12 16:58:04
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“洞见和机智独特”用得极好。也许“犀利/尖锐的洞见”is closer to bitter which implies sharp and indignant.
作者:tian xin - 2000/10/12 17:24:39
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Thanks! “苦涩”确实不好不准(由“再教育”联想出来的)。也许,“尖锐逼人”?
作者:he zi - 2000/10/12 17:48:53
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因为“bitter”的“尖锐”已到了令人不舒服的程度。唉,也许是画蛇添足。
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How about 辛辣?
作者:大头 - 2000/10/13 00:22:54
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不成!辛辣属味觉,跟视力无关。
作者:clown - 2000/10/13 00:42:11
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您说得有道理!“辛辣”多用于形容言语或文字,用在认知或
作者:大头 - 2000/10/13 08:40:39
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见解上似乎并不恳切。用“痛苦”这个俗词如何?
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谢谢。有道理。也许“痛苦”泛了点儿。或者采用隐教授的译法:犀利?
作者:clown - 2000/10/13 15:08:26
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用“蜇人”算了,又犀利又痛苦还热辣辣的:-) Just kidding!
作者:hz - 2000/10/13 19:22:38
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这下可是几近五味俱全。妙哉!
作者:clown - 2000/10/13 20:50:05
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That was kidding. 辛辣很bitter:) Thank you.
作者:clown - 2000/10/13 00:55:03
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You are most welcome, my fellow clown!
作者:Datou - 2000/10/13 08:36:03
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续貂:高氏作品每有真知灼见,目光犀利,语言独具匠心。
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/12 20:54:14
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Meunique
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什么“犀利(sharp)”、“辛辣(abrasive)”, bitter就是楼上渔夫兄用的“酸”!“酸楚的洞见”Period!
作者:UFO - 2000/10/15 02:58:36
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After your patten: 什麽"酸楚",渔夫兄说的"酸"是"酸溜溜",与葡萄有关^_^
作者:xy - 2000/10/15 10:10:56
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Okay, I comply. "酸溜溜的洞见" ^@*
作者:UFO - 2000/10/15 20:05:27
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“刻骨铭心”的确不妥。
作者:民办 - 2000/10/12 16:31:30
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“刻骨铭心”是指记忆、伤痛等难以忘怀。英文bitter insights可翻译成“痛切入骨的认识”。复数insights也不应译成“洞察力”。
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“烧书”还是“带书”?
作者:民办 - 2000/10/12 14:31:12
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我看到有关高行健的英语、汉语报道,下面的话似乎不一致。
英语报道说:“During the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) he was sent to a re-education camp and felt it necessary to burn a suitcase full of manuscripts.”
汉语报道说:"1966年-1976年,他提着一箱子书稿进了干校接受再教育。"
到底是“烧书”还是“带书”?
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"burn" could be an inadvertent mistake of "bring", not without its cultural bias though
作者:tian xin - 2000/10/12 17:08:48
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since the West associates China's treatment of its cultural heritage more with the image of "burning" than anything else.
I happened to see Mr Gao and the English translator of his "Lingshan" Mabel Lee on ABC TV when they were both interviewed several weeks ago. He seemed to me quite a private person who didn't feel comfortable in the limelight. However, his translator was shining and she commented that the language of his book was what appealed to her as a translator.
Gao is versatile and alternately paints and writes. I wonder whether he listens to Mahler as well :))
Thank you Minban, wq, xy and zy for your valuable information and great comments.
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一字褒贬, 这个 Swedish Academy 的文告也可以说"春秋笔法"吧
作者:wq - 2000/10/13 07:12:57
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我认为应该是 "burn",
1) 官方原文错误的可能性比汉语新闻网站的翻译错误可能性要小得多.
2) 联系下文, "Not until 1979 could he publish his work...", 写的东西在当时不合时宜不得不烧是合理的解释.
但是这个"burn"字很厉害! 也许这个介绍就是读过春秋的汉学家写的.
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高行健是何许人!选他不如选金庸,更实至名归!
作者:ss - 2000/10/13 05:00:40
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I don't give a damn who he is. Who are you? What does a ss mean? :-)
作者:Fair Question - 2000/10/14 00:02:19
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What does aN ss mean?
作者:fault-finder - 2000/10/14 09:06:06
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"What does ASS mean?" is better!
作者:Another Fault Finder - 2000/10/16 17:39:53
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Hey. Guys, look at this! How to decide between "for" and "in"?
作者:Last Hermit - 2000/10/15 04:33:58
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Press Release Webcast
The 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics
*C Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer and Jack S. Kilby
The 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
*C Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa
The 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
*C Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel
The 2000 Nobel Prize for Literature
*C Gao Xingjian
The 2000 Nobel Peace Prize
*C Kim Dae Jung
The 2000 Bank of Sweden (Sveriges Riksbank) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
And in my Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary:
search results for "prize for" :149
Samuel, born 1906, Irish playwright and novelist, living in France: Nobel prize for literature 1969.
Edgar Douglas, 1889-1977, English physiologist: Nobel prize for medicine 1932
Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965, British statesman and author: prime minister 1940-45, 1951-55; Nobel prize for literature 1953..
Jean-Paul (zh?N p?l?), 1905-80, French philosopher, novelist, and dramatist: declined 1964 Nobel prize for literature.
...
search results for "prize for" :4
E·mil von (!?m"l f?n), 1854-1917, German physician and bacteriologist: Nobel prize in medicine 1901.
Karl Fer·di·nand (k?rl f?r?dn and?; Ger. k?Rl feR?d" n?nt?), 1850-1918, German physicist and specialist in wireless telegraphy: Nobel prize in physics 1909.
...
链接:Oh, crazy prepositions!
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Meunique
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