问题 于 1999/11/22 23:18:27 发表在 汉英
"spiritual civilization" or "ideological and cultural development"?
[ 回应主贴 ]
[ 返回论坛 ]
跟贴目录:
"Spiritual aspect of civilization"
作者：古月 - 1999/11/22 23:26:59
***
"Spiritual aspect of civilization" is better. Or "spiritual dimension of civilization". "Spiritual civilization" is not recommended as "civilization" itself is indivisible. You cannot set "material civilization" against "spiritual civilization". "Civilization" is an all-embrasing term covering both its spiritual and material dimensions or aspects. While the phrase "ideological and cultural" describes what is considered to be part of the "spiritual dimension," it is not very accurate. For one thing, "ideological" does not cover everything spiritual (such as religion or belief), for another, "culture" is an ambiguous term which can cover almost everything that is considered part of "civilization." What's more, "ideology" and "culture" put together is not a very good combination. So let's follow "aspect dualism" to devide "being" into two "aspects," namely "spirit" and "matter." Hence "spiritual aspect of civilization" for jingshenwenming.
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
那麽·精神享受··物质享受·又该如何译成英文呢？请教古月先生及各位高人。
作者(Author)：联想 - 2003/12/24 21:12:25
***
[ 回应此贴(Respond to this followup) |
查看原贴(Back to Original) ]
spiritual comfort vs. material comfort
作者(Author)：古月 - 2004/02/23 12:18:26
***
[ 回应此贴(Respond to this followup) |
查看原贴(Back to Original) ]
精神文明的译文
作者(Author)：卢建 - 2004/02/09 18:32:17
***
精神文明可以翻译成spiritual culture
[ 回应此贴(Respond to this followup) |
查看原贴(Back to Original) ]
我也正想探讨“精神文明建设”的翻译。
作者：英语爱好者 - 1999/11/22 23:28:32
***
有翻译成“CONSTRUCTION OF SPIRITUAL CIVILIZATION”。有不同意见说，SPIRITUAL 尤指宗教方面。这里，能否译成“MORAL REFINEMENT”或 “MORAL IMPROVEMENT”？
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
spiritual aspect of civilization
作者：古月 - 1999/11/23 00:08:40
***
“精神文明”还是译成“spiritual aspect of civilization”为好。“建设”可用“(re-)construct”或“build”。宗教里确实讲“spirituality”(灵学，精神修炼)，而且宗教又是精神文明的一部分，所以，一提到“spiritual”就容易让人联想到宗教也并不奇怪。但是，“spirit”这里首先是相对于“matter”的一个哲学概念。例如，世界观上是以“物质”（matter）为第一性，还是以“精神”（spirit）为第一性？这是区分唯物主义与唯心主义的分水岭。所以相对“物质文明”（material aspect of civilization）就有了“精神文明”（spiritual aspect of civilization），它是除物质文明以外的所有其它文化现象，包括宗教、人文、道德等各个方面。从哲学概念上讲，这已经是很明确了，不用更改。
外交部翻译室确实曾将它意译成“moral and cultural progress”。当然没什么不对。但是，那毕竟是一种解释，而且这种解释是不够严谨的。首先“moral”只是“精神文明”的一部分，不是全部；其次，“cultural”的定义含糊，其本身就是一个包罗万象的概念，几乎与“文明”同值。所以“moral”和“cultural”两个概念并列是有点不伦不类。要译好这个概念，还得做点深入的哲学研究才行。
总之，还是用“spiritual aspect of civilization”来对译“精神文明”最保险。而且“aspect”这个词也比较时髦，从“aspect dualism”来。古典的“二元论哲学”（dualism）把“精神”和“物质”看做是彼此独立的存在，所以才有这种两分法。到了现代，科学几乎把什么都物化了，所以才有了“归约论哲学”（reductionism），认为精神也可简约为物质。为调和这两种提法上的矛盾，也是为了科研上归纳、分类的方便，“方面二元论”（aspect dualism）便应运而生。咱觉得这种提法比较实用。如果直接用“spiritual civilization”和“material civilization”，容易被误会成两种文明，其实英文中的“文明”（civilization）只有一个，既包括物质方面，也包括精神方面。如果插入个“aspect”，既保留了原文的“二元”性，又避免了在古典哲学“二元论”和现代科学的“归约论”之间预设立场。这是翻译保持中立的良策。
由此可见，要译好一个概念，有时还真要涉及其它学科。一家之言，仅供参考。
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
多谢，说得很在理。
作者：英语爱好者 - 1999/11/23 00:21:15
***
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
似乎看到过spiritual and moral并用的情况
作者：Ciba - 1999/11/23 00:36:37
***
而且，记得国内的“英语世界”在很多年以前，一位来华指教的英国专家（教英文）说spiritual其实在西方不指“精神的”，而是指“宗教 的”。当然精神文明是中国特色的，难怪老外是有不同意见的。
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
这里的"spiritual"所用的层次有所不同
作者：古月 - 1999/11/23 00:52:36
***
同一个单词用于不同场合涵义略有游移的现象并不少见。这就是为什么词典会作一词多解的处理。当“spiritual”与“moral”并用时，多见于谈论个人的“developmental psychology”。这里的“spiritual”是一种狭义形容词，多指人的精神素质，与信仰有着密切的关系。而“moral”则偏重这种内在“spirituality”的外化结晶。也就是说，“spirituality”是个人的内在素质，而“morality”是这种内在素质与外部世界发生关系而形成的一种品质。从心理学的狭义概念来讲，“spiritual”不仅与“moral”可以区别使用，而且可与“mental”、“psychological”、“intellectual”等词区别使用。但是“精神文明”中的“精神”(spirit)这个广义的哲学概念却把上述所有其它成份统统包罗进来了。
至于您提到的外国英语专家的意见，也不奇怪。如果有位中文专家不是搞哲学或心理学的，用精神病学概念上的“精神”来理解“精神文明”中的“精神”，也不奇怪吧？那位英文语言专家很可能不是从哲学角度去理解spirit这一概念的。有时貌似“直译”的中国式英文，细究起来未必是那么回事。
谢谢提出质疑。概念只会越理越清。
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
完全同意用"spiritual aspect of civilization"来对译“精神文明”
作者：tian xin - 1999/11/23 03:17:23
***
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
我也插一句：文明路怎么译？
作者：Last Hermit - 1999/11/23 10:23:15
***
我总觉得这会让老让觉得奇怪－－哪怕港澳台的同胞们也会丈二金刚摸不着头脑！还有，精神文明办？文明街道？
---------------------------
Meunique
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
Take it easy!
作者：古月 - 1999/11/23 10:38:22
***
文明路: Wenming Road; 有什么不好明白？取名，取名，取个名而已。你去管“湾仔”什么意思吗？你去管“香港”是否“香”吗？“澳门”还是“奥门”，有水没有水吗？What we call rose would smell just as sweet by another name. --Shakespeare
精神文明办:Office of Conduct
文明街道: Model Neighborhood;
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
对！恐怕只有意译了！但是，“爱国卫生委员会”呢？
作者：Last Hermit - 1999/11/23 20:45:09
***
其实，我一直搞不清楚，“爱国”与“卫生”到底有什么必然的联系！
---------------------------
Meunique
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
关于“卫生”
作者：古月 - 1999/11/23 21:43:40
***
学了点英文，不必对中文过于挑剔。每种语言都有其特定的文化背景和习惯。这里的“爱国卫生”是为了与“医疗卫生”相区别。“爱国”是具体意义上的“爱我国土家园”的意思，而不是抽象的“爱国主义”中的“爱国”，因此不能用patriotic来对译。直译应该是love my country, clean up its environment。那么具体到“爱国卫生委员会”，当然不可能这么繁琐。英文里的sanitation是指环境卫生的，health是指卫生保健的，hygiene是指个人卫生的。中文里的“爱国卫生”就是环境卫生，所以用Sanitation Commission即可。
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
并非挑剔！
作者：Last Hermit - 1999/11/23 22:36:34
***
只是连中文都不懂是什么意思。况且，提到精神文明才临时想起来的。不过，总觉得这是“文革”的产物！
---------------------------
Meunique
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
语汇丰富一点不是什么坏事。死抱着酸溜溜的陈腐并非什么好事。
作者：古月 - 1999/11/23 22:55:12
***
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
语汇丰富自然是好事，但要是使人沉重乃至欷歔不已的话，则宁可不要！比如“莫须有”恐怕就不是什么好事！对了，“莫须有”如何译呢？
作者：Last Hermit - 1999/11/24 04:31:54
***
---------------------------
Meunique
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
知之为知之，不知为不知，知也！语言的生命在于约定俗成
作者：古月 - 1999/11/24 10:30:25
***
令我不堪重负的约定俗成，皆因我不知也，所以才给它加个莫须有的罪名(a trumped-up charge)。谦逊是炎黄子孙的美德。与君共勉！
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
丢份儿
作者(Author)：非点型羊羊 - 2008/06/16 00:18:40
***
达到
[ 回应此贴(Respond to this followup) |
查看原贴(Back to Original) ]
爱卫会 创建办 城监委 市委办等等,这方面的名词,咱略知一二.如您需要,咱乐意帮忙.
作者：低手 - 1999/11/24 06:53:20
***
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
不是对此感兴趣，只是刚好想到。先行谢了！
作者：Last Hermit - 1999/11/24 08:56:16
***
---------------------------
Meunique
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
本人对此很感兴趣.烦您推荐几本有关的哲学书,行吗?谢谢!
作者：低手 - 1999/11/23 06:25:42
***
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
Well, it all depends...
作者：古月 - 1999/11/23 14:17:12
***
To begin with, you may need some introductory reading. I hereby suggest the following:
A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy Series) by Samuel Guttenplan (Editor)
A Review
The publisher, dwill@blackwellpub.com , January 29, 1999
Blackwell Publishers
The philosophy of mind is one of the fastest-growing areas in philosophy, not least because of its
connections with related areas of psychology, linguistics and computation. This Companion is an
alphabetically arranged reference guide to the subject, firmly rooted in the philosophy of mind, but
with a number of entries that survey adjacent fields of interest. The book is introduced by the
editor*s substantial Essay on Mind which serves as an overview of the subject, and is closely
referenced to the entries in the Companion. Among the entries themselves are several "self-profiles"
by leading philosophers in the field, including Chomsky, Davidson, Dennett, Dretske, Fodor, Lewis,
Searle and Stalnaker, in which their own positions within the subject are articulated. In some more
complex areas, more than one author has been invited to write on the same topic, giving a polarity of
viewpoints within the book*s overall coverage. All main entries have a full bibliography, and the
book is indexed to the high standards set by other volumes in the Blackwell Companions to
Philosophy series.
Customers who bought this book also bought:
A Companion to Metaphysics (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy Series); Jaegwon
Kim(Editor), et al
A Companion to Epistemology (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy); Jonathan
Dancy(Editor), Ernest Sosa (Editor)
A Companion to the Philosophy of Language (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy); Crispin
Wright(Editor), Bob Hale (Editor)
Philosophy of Mind (Dimensions of Philosophy); Jaegwon Kim
Philosophy of Mind (Dimensions of Philosophy) by Jaegwon Kim
A Review
Booknews, Inc. , June 1, 1996
Written for upper level undergraduate and graduate students, this philosophy survey maps the
philosophical mind-body problem from the traditional idea of mind as soul to the more
contemporary mind as a computer--and all the arguments between. Kim (philosophy, Brown U.)
touches on and explains: Cartesian conceptions, behaviorism, identity theories, functionalism and
physicalism, mental causation, consciousness, and reductive and nonreductive physicalism.
You can find these books at http://www.amazon.com/
Enjoy your reading!
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
Many thanks!
作者：低手 - 1999/11/24 07:12:22
***
[ 回应此贴 |
查看原贴 ]
Right
作者(Author)：Sunshine - 2004/06/14 02:54:10
***
I agree with Mr Gu Yue
[ 回应此贴(Respond to this followup) |
查看原贴(Back to Original) ]
[ 跟贴目录 ] [ 返回论坛 ]