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Last Hermit

汉英

　　三、复形名词与动词的一致
　　复形名词（大多以s结尾）在句中作主语要求复数动词。
　　1、含双数概念的复形名词要求复数动词。（略）
　　2、含复数概念的复形名词要求复数动词。（略）
　　3、含单数概念的复形名词要求单数动词。如：

1）His works is rather small.
2）A gallows is a wooden frame
on which criminals are hanged.

3）Ten years is a moment in
history.（ten years指一段时间）
4）Ten thousand dollars is a
large sum.

5）The data is very interesting.
6）The agenda for Monday's meeting has not yet
reached me.
7）Graffiti is spreading like
wildfire.

【注】名词“bacteria”、“data”和“media”现常作集体名词用，既可与单数动词连用，也可与复数动词连用，自身形式不变。一些谈吐谨慎的人则认为，这些名词只能与复数动词连用，因为它们有非常罕见的单数形式“bacterium”、“datum”、“medium”，因而是可数名词。（Collins
COBUILD English Grammar)
Medieval Arabic data show that the length of the day has been increasing more slowly than expected.
Our latest data
shows more firms are hoping to expand in the near future.

　　6、以-ics结尾表学科的复形名词一般要求单数动词。如：

8）Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.

9）Statistics is a principal course at the business school.

　　但这类名词运用于实际时，则往往要求复数动词。

10）What are your politics?

11）Statistics prove nothing in this instance.

　　7、以's结尾的某些表疾病的复形名词，要求单数动词。如：

12）German measles is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.

13）Shingles is a disease by an infection of certain nerves and producing painful red spots often in a band around waist.

14）Mumps is(are) fairly rare
in adults.

15）Where are(is) your manners?
16）His whereabouts are(is) unknown.
复形书名一般要求单数动词。如：
17）The Newcomes is one of
Thackeray's finest books.
但有时亦两可，如：
18）Dickens' American Notes were(was) published in 1842.
19）The Cantebury Tales exist(s) in many manuscripts.

　　四、并列主语与动词的一致

名词＋and＋名词

1）Fish and chips is a popular
supper.
2）The poet and writer has come.
3）Peter, and perhaps John, plays football.

4）Time and tide wait(s) for no man.

each(every)＋单形名词＋and＋each(every)＋单形名词

5）Each book and each paper is found in its place.
6）Every hour and every minute is important.

名词（代词）＋or＋名词（代词）

7）He or I am in the wrong.

either＋名词＋or＋名词

8）Either the shirts or the sweater is a good buy.

not only＋名词＋but(also)＋名词

neither＋名词＋nor＋名词

　　五、“单形名词＋with或as well as等＋名词”结构与动词一致

　　“单形名词＋with＋名词”结构要求动词一般应与第一个名词一致，即用单数名词。如：

1）A teacher, with his students, is seeing an English film.
2）A woman with two children has come.

名词＋as well as＋名词

3）The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
4）I as well as they am ready
to help you.

名词＋added to＋名词

5）The painting of M is constructed by leaning one half
of an M against a mirror. Reality added to its reflection makes the whole.

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跟贴目录:

辛苦了！ - hz 20000218000019
- 我也是没脱贫哪！不过，我还打算和各位奔小康呢！ - Last Hermit 20000218000315
为人民服务就是辛苦 - xy 20000218000428
- 这年头，没英雄就要造英雄，仿佛没有英雄的日子就过不下去。一个 - Last Hermit 20000218000558
  - Enlighten me please - xy 20000218000710
    - 哈哈！您在跟谁论战，还不知道哇？不过，我不能告诉你。^)^ - Last Hermit 20000218000903
      - 怎么越听越糊涂，难道 - xy 20000218001043
        
        哈哈！难得糊涂！天机不可泄露^)^ - Last Hermit 20000218001133
        
        敌人太狡猾了，当然我的眼睛也不太雪亮， - xy 20000218001228
诸位想必早已身经百战，可否再请各位披甲，重演当年气吞万里如虎 - Last Hermit 20000218001407
- 惴惴不安地交卷儿 - hz 20000218001503
- Oops! Sorry. - Last Hermit 20000218001556
  - 我觉得第一句听着顺溜点儿 - hz 20000218001628
- With a bamboo in heart! - xy 20000218001735
- 鹤子冲锋在前，建议授予…… - Last Hermit 20000218002033
  - 我充其量也就是规规矩矩罢了。。 - hz 20000218002204
    - 您楼下那“先生”好象也have an axe to grind呢。 - Last Hermit 20000218002305
      - 称您兄长或师友吧？:-) - hz 20000218002404
本节比较棘手…… - Last Hermit 20000218002739
- What's the reward? - tian xin 20000218002907
  - Free tour guide services for... - Last Hermit 20000218003019
    - 太有诱惑力了！BTW, "Su Manshu" - hz 20000218003104
      - You also want them, though? - Last Hermit 20000218003227
        
        没问题，这次没戏了，下次我争取吧:-) - hz 20000218003313
- 就爱考试 - 好学生 20000218003725

辛苦了！

2000/02/18 00:00:19

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我也是没脱贫哪！不过，我还打算和各位奔小康呢！

Last Hermit

2000/02/18 00:03:15

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为人民服务就是辛苦

2000/02/18 00:04:28

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这年头，没英雄就要造英雄，仿佛没有英雄的日子就过不下去。一个

Last Hermit

2000/02/18 00:05:58

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Enlighten me please

2000/02/18 00:07:10

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哈哈！您在跟谁论战，还不知道哇？不过，我不能告诉你。^)^

Last Hermit

2000/02/18 00:09:03

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怎么越听越糊涂，难道

2000/02/18 00:10:43

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哈哈！难得糊涂！天机不可泄露^)^

Last Hermit

2000/02/18 00:11:33

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敌人太狡猾了，当然我的眼睛也不太雪亮，

2000/02/18 00:12:28

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诸位想必早已身经百战，可否再请各位披甲，重演当年气吞万里如虎

Last Hermit

2000/02/18 00:14:07

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惴惴不安地交卷儿

2000/02/18 00:15:03

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Oops! Sorry.

Last Hermit

2000/02/18 00:15:56

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我觉得第一句听着顺溜点儿

2000/02/18 00:16:28

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With a bamboo in heart!

2000/02/18 00:17:35

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鹤子冲锋在前，建议授予……

Last Hermit

2000/02/18 00:20:33

Usage Note

The traditional rule holds that when the subject of a sentence begins with each, it is grammatically singular, and the verb and following pronouns must be singular as well: Each of the suites has (not have) its (not their) own private entrance (not entrances).
When each follows a plural subject, however, the verb and subsequent pronouns remain in the plural: The suites each have their own private entrances (not has its own private entrance). An exception is made when each
follows the verb with a first-person plural subject: one may say either We boys have each our own room or We boys have each his own room, though the latter form is somewhat stilted in modern use. The expression each and every is likewise followed by a singular verb and singular pronoun in formal style: Each and every driver knows (not know) what his or her (not their) job is to be.

Excerpted from The American Heritage Dictionary of the
English Language, Third Edition Copyright 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

each

has

suites

have

boys

our own

his own

driver

knows

their

everyone

everybody

Midland(

face="Times New Roman">each and every”是Midland用语）的人就没有这种忌讳？有意思的是，上面的“our own room”中的“room”却是单数的！

Usage Note: Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in form but felt to be plural in sense. The class includes,for example, noun phrases introduced by every, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb;we say Every car has (not have) been tested. Anyone is (not are)liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced by every, grammar and
sense pull in different directions. The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but
people persist in using the plural pronoun, as in Every car must have their brakes tested. Although the latter pattern is common in the speech of all groups, it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing. The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule leads to various complications, however.
The first is grammatical. When a pronoun refers to a
phrase containing every or any that falls within a different
independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular. Thus it is simply not English to say Every man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can one say No one could be seen, could he? Writers unwilling to use plural forms in these examples must find another way of expressing their meaning, either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as in Every
man left, taking his raincoat with him) or by substituting another word for every or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them.) The second complication is political. When a phrase introduced by every or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what shall be the gender of the singular pronoun? This matter is discussed in the Usage Note
at he.

　　怪事，这里怎么连汽车都怕性别歧视？！

Usage Note: Traditionally, English speakers have used the pronouns he, him, and his generically in contexts in which the grammatical form of the antecedent requires a singular pronoun, as in Every member of Congress is answerable to his constituents; A novelist should write about what he knows best; No one seems to take any pride in his work anymore, and so on. Beginning early in the 20th century, however, the traditional usage has come under increasing criticism for reflecting and perpetuating gender discrimination. Defenders of the traditional usage have argued that the masculine pronouns he, his, and him can be used generically to refer to men and women. This analysis of the generic use of he is linguistically doubtful. If he were truly a gender-neutral form, we would expect that it could be used to refer to the members of any group containing both men and women. But in fact the English masculine form is an odd choice when it refers to a female member of such a group. There is something plainly disconcerting about sentences such as Each of the stars of It Happened One Night [i.e., Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert]won an Academy Award for his performance. In this case, the use of his forces the reader to envision a single male who stands as the representative member of the group, a picture that is at odds with the image that comes to mind when we picture the stars of It Happened One Night. Thus he is not really a gender-neutral pronoun; rather, it refers to a male who is to be taken as the representative member of the group referred to by its antecedent. The traditional usage, then, is not simply a grammatical convention; it also suggests a particular pattern of thought. Many writers sidestep the problem by avoiding the relevant constructions. In place of Every student handed in his assignment, they write All the students handed in their assignments; in place
of A taxpayer must appear for his hearing in person,they write Taxpayers must appear for their hearings in person, and so on. Even when using the relevant constructions, however, many writers never use masculine pronouns as generics. In a series of sample sentences such as A patient who doesn't accurately report ____ sexual history to the doctor runs the risk of misdiagnosis, an average of 46 percent of the Usage Panel chose a coordinate form (her/his,his or her, and so on), 3 percent chose the plural pronoun (although the actual frequency of the plural in writing is far higher than this number would suggest), 2 percent chose the feminine pronoun, another 2 percent chose an indefinite or a definite article, and 7 percent gave no response or felt that no pronoun was needed to complete the sentence. As a substitute for coordinate forms such as his/her or her and his, third person plural forms, such as their, have a good deal to recommend them: they are admirably brief and entirely colloquial and may be the only sensible choice in informal style; for example, in the radio commercial that says "Make someone happy give them a goosedown Christmas," where him would be
misleading and her or him would be fussy. At least one major British publisher has recently adopted this usage for its learners' dictionaries, where one may read such sentences as If someone says they are "winging it", they mean that they are improvising their way. But in formal style, this option is perhaps less risky for a publisher of reference books than for an individual writer, who may be misconstrued as being careless or ignorant rather than attuned to the various grammatical and political nuances of the use of the masculine pronoun as generic pronoun. What is more, this solution ignores a persistent intuition that expressions such as everyone and each student should in fact be treated as grammatically singular. Writers who are concerned about avoiding both grammatical and social problems are best advised to use coordinate forms such as his or her. Some writers see no need to use a personal pronoun implying gender unless absolutely necessary; in the sample sentence A child who develops this sort of rash on ____ hands should probably be kept at home for a couple of days, 6 percent of the Usage Panel completed the sentence with the. In addition, some writers have proposed other solutions to the use of he as a generic pronoun, such as the introduction of wholly new gender-neutral pronouns like s/he or hiser,or the switching between feminine and masculine forms in alternating sentences, paragraphs, or chapters. In contrast to these innovations, many writers use the masculine pronoun as generic in all cases. For the same series of sample sentences, the average percentage of Usage Panel members who consistently completed the sentences with his was 37. This course is grammatically unexceptionable, but the writer who follows it must be prepared to incur the displeasure of readers who regard this pattern as a mark of insensitivity or gender discrimination. When a majority of writers are taking care to avoid the masculine as generic, the writer who uses it in this way may invite the inference that there is some pointed reason for referring to the representative instance as male. The entire question is unlikely to be resolved in the near future.

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我充其量也就是规规矩矩罢了。。

作者：hz - 2000/02/18 00:22:04 ***

老师出了作业就认真做(Oops! Sorry, 叫顺了，别介意:-)，用错了
规则，多谢您鼓励和指正！鞠躬！

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您楼下那“先生”好象也have an axe to grind呢。

作者：Last Hermit - 2000/02/18 00:23:05 ***

在香港，“老师”就叫“先生”，不论男女。

在古代：老师：从先生授经。*D*D清·袁枚《祭妹文》（《金山词霸2000》）

好您个妹妹！

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称您兄长或师友吧？:-)

作者：hz - 2000/02/18 00:24:04 ***

其实没准儿hz是姐姐呢，被您白叫了这许多日，真冤！:-)

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本节比较棘手……

作者：Last Hermit - 2000/02/18 00:27:39 ***

鄙人自作聪明将其化成问题，以期加深认识，幸勿为过。

　　六、“表部分的名词＋of＋名词”结构与动词的一致

　　1、“one＋of＋复形名词”结构

1）One of every ten
rotors was or were
found defective.

2）The defeat turned out
to be one of the most costly blows that was or
were ever inflicted on our
forces.

3）He is the only one of
the students who has or have
already taken Latin.

　　2、“a pair＋of＋复形名词”结构

4）That pair of shoes
you've just mentioned are or is
on sale.

5）The pair is or
are working more harmoniously
now.

6）She bought six pair
of stockings.这个句子有无问题?

7）He put on a pair of
brown shoes, which was or were
waiting there for him.

　　3、“a group＋of＋复形名词face="黑体">”结构可用单数动词，亦可用复数动词。前者强调整体，后者强调各个组成部分。（略）

　　4、“the/a number＋of＋复形名词face="黑体">”

8）The number of skilled workers is
or are small.

9）A number of the workers is or
are unskilled.

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What's the reward?

作者：tian xin - 2000/02/18 00:29:07 ***

1）One of every ten rotors WAS found defective.

2）The defeat turned out to be one of the most costly blows that WERE ever inflicted on our forces.

3）He is the only one of the students who HAS already taken Latin.

4）That pair of shoes you've just mentioned IS on sale.

5）The pair ARE working more harmoniously now.

6）She bought six pair of stockings.这个句子有无问题?

Not really. Singular here is quite a recognized usage.

7）He put on a pair of brown shoes, which WERE waiting there for him.

8）The number of skilled workers IS small.

9）A number of the workers ARE unskilled.

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Free tour guide services for...

作者：Last Hermit - 2000/02/18 00:30:19 ***

travelling around the hometown of Shu Manshu.

And free tea and dinner.

And a 《苏曼殊全集》！

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太有诱惑力了！BTW, "Su Manshu"

作者：hz - 2000/02/18 00:31:04 ***

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You also want them, though?

作者：Last Hermit - 2000/02/18 00:32:27 ***

我那普通话系（广东腔）这样普通的啦，嘛嘛地啦。南腔北调，你原谅我啦。

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没问题，这次没戏了，下次我争取吧:-)

作者：hz - 2000/02/18 00:33:13 ***

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就爱考试

作者：好学生 - 2000/02/18 00:37:25 ***

1）One of every ten rotors WAS found defective.

2）The defeat turned out to be one of the most costly blows
that WERE ever inflicted on our forces.

3）He is the only one of the students who HAS already taken
Latin.
4）That pair of shoes you've just mentioned IS on sale.

5）The pair ARE working more harmoniously now.
6）She bought six pair of stockings.这个句子有无问题?

Yes, it should read: She bought six pairS

7）He put on a pair of brown shoes, which WAS waiting there
for him.

8）The number of skilled workers IS small.

9）A number of the workers ARE unskilled.

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